The  Filsafat Akad dalam Ekonomi Syariah: Rekonstruksi Ontologis, Epistemologis, dan Aksiologis dalam Transaksi Kontemporer

Mohammad Syarifuddin  Amarullah

doi:10.38075/jen.v7i1.555

Authors

Mohammad Syarifuddin Amarullah Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin Banten

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38075/jen.v7i1.555

Keywords:

akad, Islamic economic philosophy, Sharia transactions, digitalization, maqashid al-shariah

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the philosophy of Islamic contracts (‘aqad) in Islamic economics by examining their ontological, epistemological, and axiological dimensions, as well as their relevance to contemporary financial practices. The research employs a library-based qualitative method with content analysis of classical literature, DSN-MUI fatwas, and recent studies published within the last five years. The findings reveal that akad represents both a legal and spiritual bond that integrates juridical, moral, and devotional aspects. Epistemologically, akad derives from the Qur’an, Hadith, ijma’, qiyas, and scholarly interpretations that are further institutionalized through modern regulations. Axiologically, akad aims to achieve justice, welfare, and blessing within the economic system. However, contemporary practices face challenges such as hidden interest elements, potential gharar, and the digitalization of financial transactions. This study concludes that the philosophy of akad can be reconstructed as both a philosophical entity and an adaptive instrument in navigating the dynamics of modern Islamic transactions. The findings contribute to enriching the literature on Islamic economic philosophy and provide implications for regulation, product innovation, and national economic policy.

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