Considering Iceberg Exploration and the “U” Process as Learning Method in Religious Moderation Strengthening Training
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38075/jen.v5i2.519Keywords:
U Theory, Iceberg Analysis, Religious moderation, Method, TrainingAbstract
This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Iceberg Analysis and U-Process methods in training programs designed to strengthen religious moderation, using the Kirkpatrick model to evaluate reaction and learning levels. A survey and descriptive analysis were employed to measure training effectiveness. The study involved a population of 90 participants, with a sample size of 73 determined using the Morgan and Krejcie sample formula. The instrument's validity and reliability were tested, and a Paired Sample T-Test was used to analyze learning outcomes. Descriptive analysis was conducted based on the Iceberg Analysis and U-Process learning models. The findings indicate that the training evaluation at the reaction level falls into the "very good" quadrant, with all aspects of the organizers and instructors rated positively. Learning outcomes show a significant improvement, and at the results level, the learning processes involving the Iceberg and U-Process methods significantly enhanced participants' knowledge and skills. Overall, the training is deemed effective.
Downloads
References
Akhmadi, A., & Tohari, K. (2022). Evaluasi Pelatihan Penggerak Penguatan Moderasi Beragama di Jawa Timur. Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan, 10(1), 111-120.
Al-Homery, H. A., Ashari, H., & Ahmad, A. (2019). The application of system thinking for firm supply chain sustainability: The conceptual study of the development of the iceberg problem solving tool (IPST). International Journal of Supply Chain Management, 8(6), 951–956.
Aziz, S., Mahmood, M., Rehman, Z., & Report, A. (2018). Implementation of CIPP Model for Quality Evaluation at School Level: A Case Study. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 5(1), 189.
Bergamo, P. A. de S., Izart, C., Streng, E. S., Rosenkranz, J., & Ghorbani, Y. (2022). Use of Kirkpatrick evaluation model in simulation-based trainings for the mining industry - A case study for froth flotation. Minerals Engineering, 188(August), 107825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2022.107825
Cotter, S., Yamamoto, J., & Stevenson, C. (2022). A Systematic Characterization Of Food Safety Training Interventions Using The Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate (ADDIE) Instructional Design Framework. Food Control, 145(September 2022), 109415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.109415
Dahiya, S., & Jha, A. (2011). Review of training evaluation. 2(1), 11–16.
Ellis, D. C., & Black, C. N. (2018). Complexity, Organizational Blinders, and the SOCOM Design Way. In JSOU report (Vols. 18–3, Issue April). http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1041142970
Fitzpatrick, J. L. (2012). An Introduction to Context and Its Role in Evaluation Practice. New Directions for Evaluation, 135, 7–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev
Flesher, J. (2007). Rapid Training System Self-Assesment. Performance Improvement, 46(9), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/pfi
Hassan, I., Obaid, F., Ahmed, R., Abdelrahman, L., Adam, S., Adam, O., Yousif, M. A., Mohammed, K., & Kashif, T. (2020). A Systems Thinking Approach For Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 26(8), 872–876. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.090
Hassan, Z. (2006). Connecting to Source: the U Process. The Systems Thinker, 17(7), 2–7.
Kirkpatrick, D. L., & Kirkpatrick, J. D. (1998). Evaluating training programs: the four levels. Koehler Publisher, Berkley, USA.
Kucherov, D., & Manokhina, D. (2017). Evaluation of Training Programs in Russian Manufacturing Companies. European Journal of Training and Development, 41(2), 119–143. https://doi.org/dx.doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-10-2015-0084
Mansoori, S., Haapasalo, H., & Harkonen, J. (2022). Potential of Building Information Modeling in the Project Lifecycle – Reflection Against Iceberg Model. International Journal of Management, Knowledge and Learning, 11, 85–104. https://doi.org/10.53615/2232-5697.11.85-104
Menteri Agama RI. (2022). KMA 93 Tahun 2022 Tentang Pedoman Pelaksanaan Penguatan MB Bagi ASN Kemenag. Kementerian Agama RI.
Mo, Z. (2022). Research on Tourism English Talent Training System Based on OBE and Iceberg Model from the Perspective of Industry-Education Integration. AICSconf ’21: 2021 2nd Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems Conference, 225–229. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3516529.3516570
Palupi, E. L. W., Kohar, A. W., Ekawati, R., Fiangga, S., & Masriyah, M. (2022). Unpacking Primary Teachers’ Initial Knowledge of Realistic Mathematics Education: A Case of Iceberg Model of Fraction Division. Proceedings of the Eighth Southeast Asia Design Research (SEA-DR) & the Second Science, Technology, Education, Arts, Culture, and Humanity (STEACH) International Conference (SEADR-STEACH 2021), 627(65), 245–250. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211229.038
Pareek, U. (1978). Evaluation of training. Vikalpa, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090919780407
Piryani, R. M., Dhungana, G. P., Piryani, S., & Sharma Neupane, M. (2018). Evaluation of teachers training workshop at kirkpatrick level 1 using retro–pre questionnaire. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 9, 453–457. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S154166
Reese, S. (2020). Taking the learning organization mainstream and beyond the organizational level: An interview with Peter Senge. Learning Organization, 27(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-09-2019-0136
Reio, T. G., Rocco, T. S., Smith, D. H., & Chang, E. (2017). A Critique of Kirkpatrick’s Evaluation Model. New Horizons in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 29(2), 35–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/nha3.20178
Rethorst, D. (2021). Flippin ’ The Iceberg : A systems Thinking Approach to immunology and Vaccination Protocols in Beef Cow-Calf Systems. AAPB Recent Graduate Conference Proceeding, 54(1), 90–97.
Savul, S., Ikram, A., Khan, M. A., & Khan, M. A. (2021). Evaluation of Infection Prevention and Control Training Workshops Using Kirkpatrick’S Model. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 112, 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.005
Scharmer, C. (2009). Theory U: Learning From the Future as It Emerges.
Scharmer, C. O. (2007). Addressing the Blind Spot of Our Time: An executive summary of the new book by Otto Scharmer Theory U: Leading from the Future as It Emerges. Retrieved September, 4, 21. http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en%7B&%7DbtnG=Search%7B&%7Dq=intitle:ADDRESSING+THE+BLIND+SPOT%7B#%7D0
Senge, P. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. In S. G. Harris (Ed.), Human Resource Management (Issue 3, pp. 343–348). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hrm.3930290308
Sipayung, R. W., & Benarita, B. (2021). The Effectiveness of U-Shape Seating Arrangement Strategy for Discussion in Speaking Class. Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal, 4(1), 664–676. https://doi.org/10.33258/birle.v4i1.1794
Smith, M. K. (2013). Peter Senge and the learning organization, The encyclopedia of pedagogy and Informal Education. Infed.Org.
Stufflebeam, D. L. (2000). The CIPP Model for Evaluation. In Kluwer Academit Publishers. Kluwer Academit Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0309-4_4
Syahruddin, S. (2020). The Influence of Communication, Training, and Organizational Culture on Employee Performance. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 16(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.33830/jom.v16i2.782.2020
Ulum, B., & Tuhri, M. (2022). The Government and Mainstreaming Religious Education: Religious Moderation in the Reconfiguration of The Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Religious Organization in Jambi Province, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-10-2021.2316373
Wahid, A., Hamdi, A. Z., Wahid, M., Dja’far, A. M., & Nurulhaq, N. (2021). Modul Pelatihan Penguatan Moderasi Beragama bagi Aparatur Sipil Negara Kementerian Agama RI. In Kelompok Kerja Moderasi Beragama Kementerian Agama. Kementerian Agama RI.
Westenskow, A., Moyer-Packenham, P., & Child, B. (2017). An Iceberg Model for Improving Mathematical Understanding and Mindset or Disposition: An Individualized Summer Intervention Program. Journal of Education, 197(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/002205741719700102
Wilson, P. A. (2017). Otto Scharmer and the Field of the Future: Integrating Science, Spirituality, and Profound Social Change BT - The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers (D. B. Szabla, W. A. Pasmore, M. A. Barnes, & A. N. Gipson (eds.); pp. 1129–1146). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52878-6_90
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Mohamad Fauzan, Dedi Restendi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.